The cost of life-saving vaccines

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câu hỏi câu trả lời
vaccines
The price of vaccines has escalated and some poor countries are struggling prevent children from catching certain life-threatening diseases.
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Szczepionki
escalate, increasing
The price of vaccines has escalated and some poor countries are struggling prevent children from catching certain life-threatening diseases.
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zwiększenie
life-threatening
The price of vaccines has escalated and some poor countries are struggling prevent children from catching certain life-threatening diseases.
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zagrażające życiu
vaccines
Rob and Neil talk about the price of vaccines
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Szczepionki
vaccines
The first laboratory-developed vaccine was produced in 1879. The vaccine was against what was called chicken cholera.
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Szczepionki
to immunise
to immunise = to give someone a medicine that stops them from catching particular diseases.
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szczepić, uodparniać
transparency
transparency clarity, doing things in an open way, without secrets
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przezroczystość/ jawność
out of proportion
out of proportion exaggerated
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nieproporcjonalne
to verify
to verify to provide evidence that confirms something is really true
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potwierdzać, weryfikować
escalate, increasing
Today we’re going to talk about the cost of keeping people healthy. The price of life-saving vaccines has escalated – has gone up - and some of the world’s poorer countries are struggling to immunise children
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zwiększenie
vaccines
the organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres is criticising the pharmaceutical companies which produce the vaccines
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Szczepionki
pasteurisation
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pasteryzacja
increase in vaccine prices
According to Medecins Sans Frontieres, between 2001 and 2014 there was a 68-fold increase in vaccine prices.
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Wzrost cen szczepionek
transparency
and they’re asking for more transparency around prices. Transparency means clarity, something done in an open way, without secrets.
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przezroczystość/ jawność
submit to some sort of audit
we also simply do not know the cost of production and if GlaxoSmithKline says that it costs more than we are saying it does, then they should simply submit to some sort of audit to ensure that we can verify the cost of production.
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przedstawia jakiegoś audytu
audit
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audyt, kontrola
submit
to formally give something to someone so that they can make a decision about it The plans will be submitted next week.
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przedstawiać (sprawę)
a substantial discount
laxoSmithKline says that around 80% of all their vaccines, including the one mentioned by Malpani, are provided to developing countries at a substantial discount.
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znaczne zniżki
combines
And the company adds that the pneumococcal vaccine is one of the most complex they’ve ever manufactured because it combines 10 vaccines in one.
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łączyć, mieszać
affordable
Some vaccines may be very affordable for a person in a rich country
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przystępny (w przystępnej cenie)
polio
he American scientist Albert Sabin, in fact developed an oral vaccine against polio in the 1950s – still very useful.
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paraliż dziecięcy
escalate
Now the situation has escalated and four people have been killed. To escalate is defined as to increase quickly, to become more serious or to become worse. An example of escalate is when the price of grain quickly goes up.
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wzmagać/ pogorszyc
drug companies
It criticises the drug companies which reply that they can’t make such complex medicine cheaper than they already do.
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firmy farmaceutyczne
measles
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odra
tuberculosis
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gruźlica
3-4-fold increase
between 2001 and 2014 there was a 68-fold increase in vaccine prices.
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3-4-krotny wzrost
submit
to submit = to formally give something to someone so that they can make a decision about it The plans will be submitted next week.
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składać, złożyć
substantial
substantial =large in amount or degree The study reveals very substantial differences between population groups.
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pokaźny
combine
Combine flour, milk and butter in a bowl. Combine all the ingredients in a bowl.
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połączyć/ wymieszać

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