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At the end of a sentence we put a full stop (.) after a statement or imperative. bắt đầu học
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We'll go for a walk now. But bring your coat.
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At the end of a sentence we put a question mark (?) after a question. bắt đầu học
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Do you want to go to Hyde Park? Shall we look at the shops first? Are they open on Saturdays?
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At the end of a sentence we put an exclamation mark (!) after an exclamation. bắt đầu học
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Look what I've got! What a fantastic dress!
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We write a capital letter (a big letter) e.g.We... or But... Hyde Park. Saturday. I. bắt đầu học
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at the beginning of a sentence. at the beginning of each word in a name and days and months, but not in other nouns. for the word I.
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We use a semi-colon (;) between to main clauses when the second main clause is not linked grammatically to the first. bắt đầu học
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The farmer and his sons start work at six o'clock every morning; they have to get up early because there is always so much to do.
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We put a comma usually between two main clauses before but, and or or, but only if the second clause has a subject (e.g. he). We use a comma to show a shorter pause than a semi-colon (;) or a full stop (.). The rules about commas aren't very definite. We can often choose whether to put a comma or not. bắt đầu học
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He looked for the key, but he couldn't find it. He looked for the key but couldn't find it.
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We put a comma after a sub clause. bắt đầu học
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When I saw the photo, I laughed.
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We put a comma after a reported clause. bắt đầu học
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The questions were easy, Alan said.
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We put a comma around a non-defining relative clause. bắt đầu học
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Mr Sims, who lives opposite, is ninety-six.
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We put a comma not usually before a sub clause. bắt đầu học
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I laughed when I saw the photo.
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We put a comma not before a reported clause. bắt đầu học
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Alan said (that) the questions were easy.
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We put a comma not before a question word or that. bắt đầu học
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We all saw what happened.
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We put a comma not with a defining relative clause. bắt đầu học
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The man who lives opposite is ninety-six.
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We put a comma not before an infinitive. bắt đầu học
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The police came to the house to ask him some questions.
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We put a comma sometimes after an adverb phrase but not usually before it. bắt đầu học
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On Thursday afternoon, they all went out together. They all went out together on Thursday afternoon.
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We put a comma usually around a phrase in apposition. bắt đầu học
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Mr Reid, the owner of the company, lives near Southport.
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We put a comma usually around a linking word. bắt đầu học
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The food, however, was good.
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We put a comma usually after or before a linking word or sentence adverb. bắt đầu học
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On the other hand, we need a quick decision. We could go to Tunisia, for example. Actually, I'm a liberal. It won't be easy, of course.
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We put a comma usually before please and after yes or no. bắt đầu học
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Have you got the number, please? Yes, I have.
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We put a comma before or after the name of a person we are speaking or writing to. bắt đầu học
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Have you seen this, Pat? Dear Mr Bright, Thank you for your letter.
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We put a comma in a list of more than two things. bắt đầu học
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Inside the room there was a table, two chairs, a lamp and a television set.
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We use quotation marks ("...") before and after direct speech. We usually put a comma before or after the direct speech. bắt đầu học
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David said, "It's time to go now". "It's time to go now, " David said/said David.
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We use the apostrophe in the possessive form of nouns. bắt đầu học
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These are my girl-friend's records.
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We use the apostrophe in short forms. bắt đầu học
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Chris isn't thirty. He's only twenty-five.
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We can use a short form only if the word is unstressed. We do not use short forms with yes or when a word is stressed. bắt đầu học
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Yes, we have. We really have had nice weather.
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We can use short forms after a pronoun. bắt đầu học
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We can use short forms sometimes after a noun. bắt đầu học
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We can use short forms sometimes after a question word. bắt đầu học
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We can use short forms after there and that. bắt đầu học
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We can use short forms for is after here. bắt đầu học
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We can use short forms for not after an auxiliary or modal verb. bắt đầu học
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We use short forms when we write down an informal conversation or in informal writing bắt đầu học
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e.g. in a letter or a postcard to a friend.
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When we use the short form, we leave out part of the word we are writing. We put an apostrophe (') instead of the missing part and we write the two words together as one. bắt đầu học
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'm=am; 've=have; won't=will not; 're=are; 'd=had/would; n't=not; 's=is/has; 'll=will/shall.
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Sometimes there are alternative short forms. bắt đầu học
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e.g. it is not > it isn't/it's not. They will not > they won't/they'll not.
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We write some compound nouns as two words, some with a hyphen and some as one word. The rules about hyphens aren't very definite. bắt đầu học
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That's a police dog. I've rung the police-station. Here's a policeman.
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We normally use a hyphen in compound adjectives. bắt đầu học
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There's a three-mile-long tunnel.
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We often use a hyphen after a prefix. bắt đầu học
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Don't over-fill the tank. We can re-use these bottles.
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