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câu hỏi		câu trả lời
1. Operations bắt đầu học		The activities involved in the production and delivery of goods or services using resources like labor, materials, and machinery.
2. Quality bắt đầu học		The degree to which a product or service meets certain standards or satisfies customer expectations.
3. Cost bắt đầu học		The total expenditure required to produce a product, including materials, labor, and overhead.
4. Dependability bắt đầu học		The ability to deliver products or services reliably and consistently on time.
5. Flexibility bắt đầu học		The ability to adapt to changes in volume, product variety, or delivery requirements.
6. Speed (Throughput) bắt đầu học		The rate at which products are produced and delivered to customers.
7. Lead-time bắt đầu học		The time between placing an order and receiving the product.
8. Time-to-market bắt đầu học		The time taken to develop a product from concept to launch.
9. Procurement bắt đầu học		The process of sourcing and purchasing goods and services from suppliers.
10. Supply chain bắt đầu học		A network of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors involved in producing and delivering a product.
11. Logistics bắt đầu học		The organization and implementation of transporting goods from one place to another.
12. Inventory bắt đầu học		The raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods a company holds for future use or sale.
13. Feasibility bắt đầu học		An assessment of how practical or achievable a project or plan is.
14. Vulnerability bắt đầu học		The degree of risk or potential problems in a process or plan.
15. Standardization bắt đầu học		Limiting variety by making uniform products or processes.
16. Commonality bắt đầu học		The use of shared components or parts across different products.
17. Modularization bắt đầu học		Designing products using separate interchangeable components.
18. Concept brief bắt đầu học		A short document outlining the goals, features, and purpose of a new product idea.
19. Roll-out bắt đầu học		The gradual introduction of a new product to the market.
20. First-tier supplier bắt đầu học		A company that directly supplies products to the manufacturer.
21. Second-tier supplier bắt đầu học		A company that supplies materials to the first-tier supplier.
22. Throughput bắt đầu học		The amount of work or production completed in a given time.
23. Virtual operation bắt đầu học		A business model where temporary teams or suppliers are used for a specific project.
24. Bill of materials bắt đầu học		A list of raw materials, components, and instructions needed to manufacture a product.
25. E-procurement bắt đầu học		Purchasing goods and services using digital platforms or the internet.
26. JIT (Just-in-time) bắt đầu học		A production method that reduces inventory by receiving goods only as they are needed.
27. Lean operations bắt đầu học		A management approach focused on reducing waste and improving efficiency.
28. Kaizen bắt đầu học		A Japanese term meaning continuous improvement in all aspects of a business.
29. TQM (Total Quality Management) bắt đầu học		A comprehensive approach where all employees work toward improving quality.
30. Six Sigma bắt đầu học		A data-driven method for eliminating defects and improving quality, aiming for fewer than 3.4 defects per million items.
31. Capacity bắt đầu học		The maximum output that a company can produce under normal conditions.
32. Control of inventory bắt đầu học		Managing stock levels to ensure materials are available without overstocking.
33. Perpetual inventory system bắt đầu học		A system that automatically tracks inventory in real-time.
34. Batch production bắt đầu học		A production method where products are made in groups or batches.
35. Mass production bắt đầu học		The large-scale manufacturing of standardized products.
36. Job production bắt đầu học		A production method where a single product is made at a time, often customized.
37. Project production bắt đầu học		A method used for complex, one-off products like construction or shipbuilding.
38. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) bắt đầu học		A computerized system used in retail to process sales and update inventory.
39. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) bắt đầu học		A technology used to identify and track items using radio waves.
40. Industrial robots bắt đầu học		Automated machines used in manufacturing to perform repetitive tasks like welding, assembling, or painting.
41. RFID tags (Radio Frequency Identification) bắt đầu học		Tags used to track items through radio signals, improving inventory control and traceability.
42. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) bắt đầu học		Systems used in retail that record sales and update stock levels in real-time.
43. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) bắt đầu học		A company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
44. Outsourcing bắt đầu học		Hiring an external company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally done in-house.
45. Grants and subsidies bắt đầu học		Financial aid provided by the government to support businesses.
46. Infrastructure bắt đầu học		Basic physical systems like roads, railways, and utilities needed for business operations.
47. Proximity to suppliers/customers bắt đầu học		The physical closeness to suppliers or customers, affecting logistics efficiency and service speed.
48. Environmental considerations bắt đầu học		Concerns about how business activities affect the natural environment.
49. Screening bắt đầu học		The process of evaluating if a product idea is good and fits company goals.
50. Preliminary design bắt đầu học		Early version of a product design used for concept development.
51. Evaluation and improvement bắt đầu học		Assessing and refining product ideas and processes.
52. Prototyping bắt đầu học		Creating a sample version of a product to test its design and functionality.
53. Factory layout bắt đầu học		The physical arrangement of machinery, equipment, and workers in a production facility.
54. Packaging issues bắt đầu học		Considerations about how products are packed, including protection, cost, and branding.
55. Changeover time bắt đầu học		The time required to switch from producing one product to another in manufacturing.
56. Set-up time bắt đầu học		Time taken to prepare machines or equipment before production can begin.
57. Downtime bắt đầu học		Periods when production is halted, often due to equipment failure or changeovers.
58. Work-in-progress (WIP) bắt đầu học		Items that are in the process of being manufactured but are not yet finished.
59. Job/batch/continuous/mass production bắt đầu học		Different types of manufacturing processes depending on scale and customization.
60. Kanban bắt đầu học		A lean method that uses visual signals (like cards or software) to control production and inventory.
61. Forecasting bắt đầu học		Predicting future customer demand to plan production and inventory.
62. Capacity utilization bắt đầu học		The percentage of a factory’s total potential output that is actually being used.
63. Overtime bắt đầu học		Time worked beyond the regular working hours, often paid at a higher rate.
64. Subcontracting bắt đầu học		Hiring another company to carry out part of the production process.
65. Inventory system bắt đầu học		Methods and software used to monitor stock levels and reorder materials automatically.
66. Benchmarking bắt đầu học		Comparing one’s business processes and performance metrics to industry bests or best practices from other companies.

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