Physics glossary A-D

 0    73 flashcards    szymekk
tải về mp3 In chơi tự kiểm tra
 
câu hỏi English câu trả lời English
Absolute zero
bắt đầu học
The lowest theoretical temperature a material can have, where the molecules that make up the material have no kinetic energy. Absolute zero is reached at 0 K or –273º C.
Acceleration
bắt đầu học
A vector quantity defined as the rate of change of the velocity vector with time.
Activity
bắt đầu học
In radioactive substances, the number of nuclei that decay per second. Activity, A, will be larger in large samples of radioactive material, since there will be more nuclei.
Alpha decay
bắt đầu học
A form of radioactive decay where a heavy element emits an alpha particle and some energy, thus transforming into a lighter, more stable, element.
Alpha particle
bắt đầu học
A particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. It is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom and is ejected by heavy particles undergoing alpha decay.
Angle of incidence
bắt đầu học
When a light ray strikes a surface, the angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the normal.
Angle of reflection
bắt đầu học
The angle between a reflected ray and the normal.
Angle of refraction
bắt đầu học
The angle between a refracted ray and the line normal to the surface.
Angular acceleration
bắt đầu học
A vector quantity, equal to the rate of change of the angular velocity vector with time. It is typically given in units of rad/s2.
Angular displacement
bắt đầu học
The net change, in a point’s angular position,. It is a scalar quantity.
Angular frequency
bắt đầu học
A frequency, f, defined as the number of revolutions a rigid body makes in a given time interval. It is a scalar quantity commonly denoted in units of Hertz (Hz) or s–1.
Angular momentum
bắt đầu học
moment pedu
Angular period
bắt đầu học
The time, T, required for a rigid body to complete one revolution.
Angular position
bắt đầu học
The position, of an object according to a co-ordinate system measured in s of the angle of the object from a certain origin axis. Conventionally, this origin axis is the positive x-axis.
Angular velocity
bắt đầu học
predkosc katowa
Antinode
bắt đầu học
The points midway between nodes on a standing wave, where the oscillations are largest.
Atom
bắt đầu học
The building blocks of all matter, atoms are made up of a nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons, and a number of electrons that orbit the nucleus. An electrically neutral atom has as many protons as it has electrons.
Atomic number
bắt đầu học
A number, Z, associated with the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Every element can be defined in s of its atomic number, since every atom of a given element has the same number of protons.
Axis of rotation
bắt đầu học
The line that every particle in the rotating rigid body circles about.
Basis vector
bắt đầu học
A vector of magnitude 1 along one of the coordinate axes. Generally, we take the basis vectors to be and, the vectors of length 1 along the x- and y-axes, respectively.
Beats
bắt đầu học
uderzenia
Beta decay
bắt đầu học
A form of radioactive decay where a heavy element ejects a beta particle and a neutrino, becoming a lighter element in the process.
Beta particle
bắt đầu học
A particle, identical to an electron. Beta particles are ejected from an atom in the process of beta decay.
Bohr atomic model
bắt đầu học
model Bohra
Boiling point
bắt đầu học
The temperature at which a material will change phase from liquid to gas or gas to liquid.
Boyle’s Law
bắt đầu học
For a gas held at a constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
Calorie
bắt đầu học
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. 1 cal = 4.19 J.
Celsius
bắt đầu học
A scale for measuring temperature, defined such that water freezes at 0ºC and boils at 100ºC. 0ºC = 273 K.
Center of curvature
bắt đầu học
With spherical mirrors, the center of the sphere of which the mirror is a part. All of the normals pass through it.
Center of mass
bắt đầu học
środek masy
Centripetal acceleration
bắt đầu học
The acceleration of a body experiencing uniform circular motion. This acceleration is always directed toward the center of the circle.
Centripetal force
bắt đầu học
The force necessary to maintain a body in uniform circular motion. This force is always directed radially toward the center of the circle.
Chain reaction
bắt đầu học
The particles and energy released by the fission or fusion of one atom may trigger the fission or fusion of further atoms. In a chain reaction, fission or fusion is rapidly transferred to a large number of atoms, releasing tremendous amounts of energy.
Charles’s Law
bắt đầu học
For a gas held at constant pressure, temperature and volume are directly proportional.
Coefficient of kinetic friction
bắt đầu học
The coefficient of kinetic friction, for two materials is the constant of proportionality between the normal force and the force of kinetic friction. It is always a number between zero and one.
Coefficient of linear expansion
bắt đầu học
A coefficient that tells how much a material will expand or contract lengthwise when it is heated or cooled.
Coefficient of static friction
bắt đầu học
The coefficient of static friction, for two materials is the constant of proportionality between the normal force and the maximum force of static friction. It is always a number between zero and one.
Coefficient of volume expansion
bắt đầu học
A coefficient that tells how much the volume of a solid will change when it is heated or cooled.
Coherent light
bắt đầu học
Light such that all of the associated waves have the same wavelength and are in phase.
Collision
bắt đầu học
zderzenie
Completely inelastic collision
bắt đầu học
A collision in which the colliding particles stick together.
Component
bắt đầu học
skladowa
Compression
bắt đầu học
kompresja, sprezenie
Concave lens
bắt đầu học
Also called a diverging lens, a lens that is thinner in the middle than at the edges. Concave lenses refract light away from a focal point.
Concave mirror
bắt đầu học
A mirror that is curved such that its center is farther from the viewer than the edges, such as the front of a spoon. Concave mirrors reflect light through a focal point.
Conduction
bắt đầu học
Heat transfer by molecular collisions.
Conservation of Angular Momentum
bắt đầu học
If the net torque acting on a rigid body is zero, then the angular momentum of the body is constant or conserved.
Conservation of momentum
bắt đầu học
The principle stating that for any isolated system, linear momentum is constant with time.
Constant of proportionality
bắt đầu học
A constant in the numerator of a formula.
Constructive interference
bắt đầu học
The amplification of one wave by another, identical wave of the same sign. Two constructively interfering waves are said to be “in phase.”
Convection
bắt đầu học
Heat transfer via the mass movement of molecules.
Convex lens
bắt đầu học
Also called a converging lens, a lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges. Convex lenses refract light through a focal point.
Convex mirror
bắt đầu học
A mirror that is curved such that its center is closer to the viewer than the edges, such as a doorknob. Convex mirrors reflect light away from a focal point.
Cosine
bắt đầu học
The cosine of an angle in a right triangle is equal to the length of the side adjacent to the angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse.
Crest
bắt đầu học
The points of maximum displacement along a wave. In traveling waves, the crests move in the direction of propagation of the wave. The crests of standing waves, also called anti-nodes, remain in one place.
Critical angle
bắt đầu học
For two given media, the smallest angle of incidence at which total internal reflection occurs.
Cross product
bắt đầu học
iloczyn wektorowy
Cycle
bắt đầu học
cykl
De Broglie wavelength
bắt đầu học
A wavelength, given by = h/mv, which is associated with matter. Louis de Broglie proposed the idea that matter could be treated as waves in 1923 and applied this theory successfully to small particles like electrons.
Decay constant
bắt đầu học
A constant, not to be confused with wavelength, that defines the speed at which a radioactive element undergoes decay. The greater is, the faster the element decays.
Decibel
bắt đầu học
A logorithmic unit for measuring the volume of sound, which is the square of the amplitude of sound waves.
Deposition
bắt đầu học
The process by which a gas turns directly into a solid because it cannot exist as a liquid at certain pressures.
Destructive interference
bắt đầu học
The cancellation of one wave by another wave that is exactly out of phase with the first. Despite the dramatic name of this phenomenon, nothing is “destroyed” by this interference—the two waves emerge intact once they have passed each other.
Diffraction
bắt đầu học
The bending of light at the corners of objects or as it passes through narrow slits or apertures.
Diffraction grating
bắt đầu học
A sheet, film, or screen with a pattern of equally spaced slits. Typically the width of the slits and space between them is chosen to generate a particular diffraction pattern.
Direction
bắt đầu học
kierunek
Directly proportional
bắt đầu học
wprost proporcjonalnie
Dispersion
bắt đầu học
The separation of different color light via refraction.
Displacement
bắt đầu học
przesunięcie (wektor)
Distance
bắt đầu học
odleglosc (skalar)
Doppler shift
bắt đầu học
przesuniecie dopplerowskie
Dot product
bắt đầu học
A form of vector multiplication, where two vectors are multiplied to produce a scalar. The dot product of two vectors, A and B, is expressed by the equation A · B = AB cos.
Dynamics
bắt đầu học
The application of kinematics to understand why objects move the way they do. More precisely, dynamics is the study of how forces cause motion.

Bạn phải đăng nhập để đăng bình luận.