Peace and conflict

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Conflict
bắt đầu học
A serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.
Peace
bắt đầu học
A state of tranquility or quiet, especially in the absence of war or violence.
Negative Peace
bắt đầu học
Absence of direct violence or war, but not necessarily the absence of structural violence.
Positive Peace
bắt đầu học
The presence of justice, equality, and harmonious social relationships.
Structural Violence
bắt đầu học
Systematic ways in which social structures harm or disadvantage individuals.
Direct Violence
bắt đầu học
Physical violence such as war, assault, or murder.
Cultural Violence
bắt đầu học
Aspects of culture that can be used to justify or legitimize direct or structural violence.
Conflict Resolution
bắt đầu học
Processes aimed at resolving a conflict through peaceful means.
Conflict Transformation
bắt đầu học
A long-term process of addressing the underlying causes of conflict and changing relationships and structures.
Mediation
bắt đầu học
A form of conflict resolution involving a neutral third party who helps the disputants reach a voluntary agreement.
Negotiation
bắt đầu học
A dialogue between two or more parties intended to reach a beneficial outcome.
Peacebuilding
bắt đầu học
Efforts to establish lasting peace by addressing root causes and effects of conflict.
Peacemaking
bắt đầu học
Diplomatic efforts to end conflict and reach an agreement.
Peacekeeping
bắt đầu học
The deployment of international personnel to maintain peace and security.
Nonviolence
bắt đầu học
The use of peaceful means, not force, to bring about political or social change.
Reconciliation
bắt đầu học
The process of restoring fractured relationships after conflict or injustice.
Genocide
bắt đầu học
The intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
Human Rights
bắt đầu học
Basic rights and freedoms to which all people are entitled.
Justice
bắt đầu học
The fair treatment of individuals in accordance with law and equity.
Refugee
bắt đầu học
A person who has been forced to flee their country because of persecution, war, or violence.
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
bắt đầu học
Someone who has been forced to flee their home but remains within their country.
Sanctions
bắt đầu học
Penalties imposed on a country to influence its behavior.
Civil War
bắt đầu học
A war between groups within the same country.
Terrorism
bắt đầu học
The use of violence or threats to achieve political goals.
Post-conflict reconstruction
bắt đầu học
Rebuilding a country after war or conflict, including infrastructure, institutions, and relationships.
Truth Commission
bắt đầu học
A temporary body set up to investigate past human rights abuses.
Hybrid Court
bắt đầu học
A judicial body with both national and international judges and laws.
International Humanitarian Law
bắt đầu học
Rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict on people and property.
Arbitration
bắt đầu học
Binding conflict resolution by a neutral third party.
Track I Diplomacy
bắt đầu học
Official government-level negotiations.
Track II Diplomacy
bắt đầu học
Informal and unofficial dialogue between non-state actors.
Conflict Prevention
bắt đầu học
Measures to stop conflicts from escalating.
Disarmament
bắt đầu học
The reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapons.
Demobilization
bắt đầu học
The process of disbanding armed groups and reintegrating combatants.
Reintegration
bắt đầu học
Helping former combatants return to civilian life.
Do No Harm
bắt đầu học
An approach in peacebuilding that seeks to avoid unintended negative effects.
Early Warning System
bắt đầu học
Tools and processes for predicting and preventing conflict escalation.
Gender-based Violence (GBV)
bắt đầu học
Harmful acts directed at individuals based on their gender.
Civil Resistance
bắt đầu học
Nonviolent action taken by civilians to challenge injustice.
Social Cohesion
bắt đầu học
The strength of relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a community.

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