Infotech. Unit 3 & 4

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processor (CPU)
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the nerve centre of a PC
chip (what it does)
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executes program instructions and coordinates the activities that take place within the computer system
chip (what it is)
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a small piece of silicon with a complex electrical circuit called an integrated circuit
circuit
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obwód, układ
the processor consists of three main parts:
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control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers
control unit (what it is)
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jednostka sterująca
control unit (what it does)
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examines the instructions in the user's program, interprets each instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components - monitor, disk drives - to execute the functions specified
ALU (what it is)
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jednostka arytmetyczno-logiczna; ALU (część komputera wykonująca wszystkie arytmetyczne obliczenia oraz wszystkie operacje porównywania)
ALU (what it does)
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performs mathematical calculations (+,-, etc.) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT)
registers (what it is)
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high speed units, rejestry zewnętrzne
registers (what it does)
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high speed units of memory used to store and control data.
system clock (what it is)
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zegar systemowy
system clock (what it does)
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sends out signals fixed intervals to measure and synchronize the flow of data
clock speed (in GHz)
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częstotliwość zegara (prędkość z jaką mikroprocesor wykonuje instrukcje i synchronizuje wszystkie elementy komputera)
RAM (random access memory)
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pamięć operacyjna
RAM
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is volatile (nietrwała) - that is, its information is lost when the computer is turned off
ROM (read only memory)
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pamięć tylko do odczytu
ROM
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is non-volatile (nieulotna), containing instructions and routines for the basic operations of the CPU
BIOS (basic input/output system)
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podstawowy system wejścia-wyjścia; system BIOS
BIOS
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uses ROM to control communication with peripherals
RAM capacity (możliwości)
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can be expanded by adding extra chips, usually contained in small circuit boards called DIMMs
DIMMs (dual in-line memory modules)
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moduł pamięci DIMM (rodzaj pamięci RAM, w którym układy pamięci są rozmieszczone po obydwu stronach cienkiej karty umieszczanej w specjalnym gnieździe)
motherboard
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the main circuit board inside your system (płyta główna)
motherboard contains:
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the processor, the memory chips, expansions slots, and controllers for peripherals, connected by buses
buses
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electrical channels which allow devices inside the computer to communicate with each other (magistrale, szyny)
bus width
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the size of a bus; determines how much data can be transmitted
expansion slot
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gniazdo rozszerzeń, port rozszerzeń, slot rozszerzeń
expansion slots
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allow users to install expansion cards, adding features like sound, memory and network capabilities
expansion card
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karta rozszerzająca; karta dodatkowa (karta powiększająca możliwości istniejącego sprzętu)
binary code
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code made of just two number - 0 and 1; computers do all calculations using this code
binary digit, bit
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each 0 or 1
byte
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eight-digit code that typically represent characters (letter, number and symbol)
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
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computers use this code for the binary representation of characters
wireless connectivity
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łączność bezprzewodowa
expand
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rozszerzyć
Greeting and offering help:
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Good morning. Do you need ANY help?
Giving technical specifications (specs):
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The MacBook has a processor RUNNING AT 2.0 gigahertz. The iMac HAS two gigabytes of RAM. They features a camera BUILT INTO THE DISPLAY.
Describing:
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Both computers are very fast and reliable.
Comparing:
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The MacBook IS MORE PRACTICAL if you travel a lot. PDAs are cheaper than laptops but laptops are more powerful.
Explaining what you are looking for:
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We're looking for a personal computer. Have you got any fairly basic ones?
Asking for technical specs:
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WHAT'S the storage capacity of the hard drive? Do they have a DVD drive?
Asking the price:
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How MUCH DO they COST? How MUCH IS it?

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