essence. [C] [SL. 2024]

 0    430 flashcards    danielleszczynski1
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a dried plum
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a prune
the vine on which grapes grow
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a grapevine
bawół wodny
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a water buffalo
world’s fastest land animal
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a cheetah
A group of wolves
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a pack
plural of sheep (irregular)
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1 sheep, 2 sheep
the money used in a country (e.g., dollar, euro, zloty)
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currency
(v.) to become calm, chill
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to relax
(v.) to solve a problem
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to resolve
(n.) the solution to the problem
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the resolution
(adj.) behaving in a way that is socially correct and shows care for
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polite
(v.) to think or talk about something again
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to review
(n.) waste material or unwanted things that you throw away
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garbage
(adj.) a more polite word for “rich”
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wealthy
(n.) great comfort, especially from expensive and beautiful things
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luxury
(adj.) very comfortable and expensive
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luxurious
A day to celebrate the fact that we can work
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Labor Day
A day to celebrate the ones who died
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All Saints Day
travel distance you regularly take between home and work
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commute
beyond my capabilities/out of range
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out of scope
not too expensive
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budget friendly
team of flight attendants on the plane
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cabin crew
do not have to pay duty/tax
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duty free
x-ray machine
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airport security staff use this to look into your luggage
you put your luggage on this and it is transported from place to place
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conveyer belt
the office where you have to pay taxes on imported or exported items
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customs
the airplane starts to fly
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take off / departure
the airplane is brought back down to Earth
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landing / arrival
hard ground on which the airplane takes off and lands
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runway
cover that can be pulled over a window to block out the light
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window shade
the tracks on which the train runs
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railway track
money paid for a journey on public transport
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fare
the size/the number of bags allowed on a journey
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baggage allowance
the movement of the airplane on the runway (before taking off or after landing)
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taxiing
a ticket from one place to another, but not back again
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a single ticket / a one way ticket
a ticket for travel to a place and back again
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a return ticket/ a round trip ticket
fold away table in or beside your seat on an airplane
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a tray table
We meet for English in Monday. MISTAKES?
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We meet for English ON MondayS.
a substance that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that provide heat and energy for the body, found in foods such as bread, pasta, fruits, etc.
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carbohydrate
a type of bread shaped like a ring with a hard texture
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bagel
a loaf of bread that is narrow and long
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baguette
any grain such as wheat, barley, rye, etc., used to make flour or bread
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cereal
a baked good made from dough or batter
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cereal
a plant with seeds, leaves, or flowers used for cooking or medicine, such as mint and parsley
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herb
pietruszka
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parsley
a vegetable with a round dark red root that is used in cooking or producing sugar
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Beet (AmE)/beetroot (BrE)
a pepper with a sweet taste and green color, eaten raw or cooked
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green pepper
a type of pepper with a sweet taste or a very hot taste (depending on the variety) that is red in color
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red pepper
any cheese that is made from goat's milk
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goat cheese
a type of food similar to butter, made from vegetable oils or animal fats
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margarine
a light cream that is produced from regular cream and lactic acid bacteria
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sour cream
an edible soft berry that is red or black in color and grows on bushes
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raspberry
a type of dried plant with a pleasant smell used to add taste or color to the food
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spice
a vegetable similar to a potato in shape that has a sweet taste and is orange
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sweet potato
a long and thin vegetable with dark green skin
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zucchini
the common grain that is used in making flour
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wheat
a thick slice of beef that is often cooked by grilling
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beefsteak
food made with pieces of meat and vegetables roasted or grilled on fire, typically on a skewer
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kebab
a long piece of wood or metal used for holding pieces of food, typically meat, together during cooking
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skewer
a type of food made with meat, eggs, etc., baked in the shape of a loaf of bread
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meatloaf
Kotlet schabowy
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crispy breaded pork chop
a thick white dressing made with egg yolks, vegetable oil, and vinegar, served cold
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mayonnaise (mayo)
a cold yellow or brown condiment with a hot taste taken from the seeds of a small plant with yellow flowers
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mustard
a thin dark brown sauce, made from soybeans, used in Asian cuisines
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soy sauce
a cold sauce made from tomatoes, which has a thick texture and is served with some food
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ketchup
a sour liquid that is commonly used in cooking, cleaning, or to preserve food
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vinegar
a rich sauce made with milk, flour, and butter
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white sauce
a substance for chewing with different tastes such as strawberry, mint, etc.
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chewing gum
a hard and colored candy often with a fruity taste, which is made of boiled corn syrup and sugar
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hard candy
a type of candy that is flat or round and is on a stick
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lollipop
a frozen dessert typically made from flavored water or fruit juice frozen around a stick
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popsicle
a sweet creamy dish made with milk, sugar, and flour, served cold as a dessert
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pudding
an amount of food served to one person
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portion
a meal eaten in the evening, typically lighter than dinner and often the last meal of the day
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supper
a meal bought from a restaurant or store to be eaten somewhere else
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takeout
a loaf of bread that is small and made for one person
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roll
a soft and thick substance made from boiled tomatoes, used as a cooking ingredient
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tomato paste
meat from a pig's or calf's head that is cooked and pressed into a loaf with aspic (salceson)
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headcheese
a savoury jelly made with meat stock, set in a mould and used to contain pieces of meat, seafood, or eggs
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aspic
a large edible prawn marked with dark bands, found in the Indian and Pacific oceans
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tiger prawn
a small crustacean with an elongated body
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shrimp
a fairly small silvery fish; traditionally eaten at Christmas Eve Dinner
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herring
A piece of cake
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very easy
A couch potato
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a lazy person who watches too much tv
The apple never falls far from the tree
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like father/mother like son/daughter
To bring home the bacon
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support a family financially
... is not my cup of tea
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not my thing/something I like
Salt of the Earth
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a genuine, charitable, down
As cool as a cucumber
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very calm and relaxed
Spill the beans
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reveal a secret/sensitive information
There’s no point crying over spilt milk
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a problem has happened and there’s nothing you can do, so don’t worry
To butter somebody up
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to compliment/treat someone nicely in order to get something
to take something with a pinch/grain of salt
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to not believe something is completely true
the instructions on how to cook a certain food, including a list of the ingredients required
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recipe
any of the foods that is used in making a dish
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ingredient
to repeatedly mix something using a spoon, fork, etc.
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to beat
to cut something into pieces using a knife, etc.
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to chop
to make food look more delicious by decorating it
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to garnish
to cook food directly over or under high heat, sometimes over an open flame
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to grill
to raise the temperature of something
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to heat
to soak food in a seasoned liquid, typically containing oil, vinegar, herbs, and spices, to enhance its flavor and softness before cooking
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to marinate
to remove the skin or outer layer of something, such as fruit, etc.
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to peel
to cook food, especially fish, in a small amount of boiling water or another liquid
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to poach
to cook something, especially meat, over a fire or in an oven for an extended period
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to roast
to cut food or other things into thin, flat pieces
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to slice
to move a spoon, etc. around in a liquid or other substance to completely mix it
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to stir
to make food such as bread or cheese brown by heating it
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to toast
a piece of furniture on which food is prepared
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counter
an object that is used for cooking or eating
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utensil
a frame made of metal on which food is cooked over a fire
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barbecue
an electrical device used to blend, mix, or puree food and liquids into a smooth consistency
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blender
a flat-bottomed pan with low sides and a long handle, typically used for frying and browning foods
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frying pan
a pan in the shape of a bowl, especially used for making Chinese dish
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wok
a device or object used for combining ingredients together to achieve a certain texture
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mixer
the removable cover at the top of a container
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lid
a bowl typically used in cooking and baking for combining ingredients
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mixing bowl
a spoon that is made of wood
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wooden spoon
a device used to weigh people or objects
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scale
a slight amount of something one can hold between the index finger and thumb
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pinch
the amount that fills a cup, typically a standard measuring cup used in cooking and baking
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cupful
the amount that fills a spoon, typically a standard eating or measuring spoon
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spoonful
to make meat easy to cut or chew by beating it
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to tenderize
to soak or preserve in salty water
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to brine
to preserve and add a smoky flavor to meat, fish, or cheese using smoke from burning wood
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to smoke (food)
Different from what is usual or important in a unique way.
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Special
Giving pleasure or making you feel happy.
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Enjoyable
Related to business or making money
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Commercial
Using imagination or original ideas to make something.
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Creative
Feeling thankful or showing appreciation.
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Grateful
Willing to give or share more than usual or expected.
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Generous
Made by humans, not natural.
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Artificial
Covered with or having a lot of snow.
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Snowy
Easy to remember because it is special or important.
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Memorable
Having the most activity or work.
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Busiest
Expecting good things to happen.
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Optimistic
Comfortably hot, or showing kindness and affection.
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Warm
Showing a lot of excitement or interest.
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Enthusiastic
Related to a particular place, especially nearby.
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Local
Unexpected and causing wonder or amazement.
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Surprising
Full of hope or positive expectation.
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Hopeful
Following old customs or practices.
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Traditional
Costing a lot of money.
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Expensive
Very pleasing or enjoyable
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Delightful
Difficult but interesting or motivating.
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Challenging
Full of celebration or joy, like during a holiday.
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Festive
Calm, quiet, and without disturbance.
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Peaceful
a person that works with the money and accounts of a company
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Accountant
a person that designs buildings and houses
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Architect
a person who studies the stars and the universe
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Astronomer
They write books or novels
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Author
They make bread and cakes and normally work in a bakery
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Baker
someone who works in a coffee shop and makes and serves coffee.
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Barista
a person that works with meat. They cut the meat and sell it in their shop
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Butcher
a person that makes things from wood including houses and furniture
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Carpenter
a person that prepares food professionally, often in a restaurant, hotel, or café
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Chef/Cook
a person that collects trash/rubbish from bins in the street
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Garbageman/Refuse collector
a person in charge of writing, like a newspaper or magazine, who decides what it will say in the end
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Editor
a person who installs, manages, and fixes electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures
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Electrician
a person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, structures or public works
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Engineer
a person that works in a factory
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Factory worker
a person that puts out fires
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Firefighter
a person that catches fish
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Fisherman
a person that works with flowers
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Florist
a person that keeps gardens clean and tidy and take care of the plants
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Gardener
a person who makes different kinds of images for print or digital media
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Graphic artist
they cut your hair or give it a new style
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Hairdresser
someone who writes news stories for a newspaper or magazine or shares them on radio or TV
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Journalist
a qualified person that decides cases in a law court
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Judge
a person who works in the legal field as an attorney/barrister (defending or prosecuting in court) or lawyer/solicitor (giving legal advice)
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Lawyer
a person that gives lectures, usually in a university
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Lecturer
a person that works in a library
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Librarian
a person that saves lives where people swim (at a beach or swimming pool)
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Lifeguard
a (usually attractive) person that works in fashion, modeling clothes and accessories
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Model
a person that reads the news, normally on television
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Newsreader
a person trained to help a doctor look after the sick or injured
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Nurse
a person that checks your eyes and tries to correct any problems with your sight
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Optician
a person that paints pictures or the interior and exterior of buildings
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Painter
a person who is trained and licensed to make and sell medicines
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Pharmacist
a person that takes photos professionally
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Photographer
a person who flies a plane
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Pilot
a person that repairs your water systems or pipes
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Plumber
a person who works in politics
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Politician
a member of the police force. They (try and) prevent crime
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Police officer
a person that delivers mail to your house
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Postman
a person that makes money from selling land for development
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Real estate agent
a person that is at the reception (entrance) of a company
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Receptionist
someone who sells things or services for a company, either in a store or directly to customers
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Salesperson
a person that works in the science industry. They do many experiments
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Scientist
a person employed in an office who types letters, keeps records etc.
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Office Assistant
a person that works in a shop or store selling products
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Shop assistant
a person who works for the army
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Soldier
someone who makes programs and apps for computers and mobile devices
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Software engineer
a person that makes clothes for others, many times producing exclusive items of clothing
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Tailor
a person that translates from one language to another
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Translator
a person that patrols areas to check that people do not park in the wrong place
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Traffic warden
a person that organises and sells holidays and flights for others
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Travel agent
a qualified person that looks after sick animals
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Veterinary doctor (Vet)
a person that works in a food outlet, looking after customers and serving food
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Waiter/Waitress
a specific occupation or profession
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a job
general efforts to accomplish a goal (more general than 'job')
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work
total progression of your professional life
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career
requires a lot of effort
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a demanding job
a job that makes you feel good
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a fulfilling/rewarding job
a job that can be done by someone who is just beginning their career, which doesn’t require much experience or many skills
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entry-level job
a job that has no opportunities for advancement or promotions
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a dead-end job
a dynamic and important job
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a high-powered job
a job where you earn a lot of money
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a lucrative job
a recommendation of a person for a position
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a referral
a search for a job
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job hunt
advertisments about job openings online or in the newspaper
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job listings
You can say you work at / for (a company)
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“I work AT General Motors.”
You can say you’re working ON (a project / task)
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“I’m working ON improving customer satisfaction.”
You can say you work WITH (people / objects)
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“I work WITH special needs children”
a document that provides an overview of your skills, work history, education, and achievements
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Resume
a letter you send with your resume to provide more information about you
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Cover letter
people who can vouch for your skills, experiences, and character, usually former employers or colleagues
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References
a formal meeting in which one or more persons question, consult, or evaluate another person
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Interview
a written statement that describes the duties, responsibilities, required qualifications, and reporting relationships of a particular job
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Job description
a collection of work samples that can demonstrate your skills and qualifications to a potential employer
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Portfolio
a review of a person's criminal, commercial, and financial records typically conducted by an employer before making a job offer
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Background check
a span of time after you start work during which your employer can monitor your performance and determine whether you are suitable for the job
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Probationary period
a formal proposal from an employer to a potential employee to work for their company
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Job offer
the amount of money an applicant expects to be paid for the job they are applying for
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Salary expectations
working the entirety of the standard workweek, typically 40 hours
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Full-time
working less than the standard workweek, often without receiving benefits such as health insurance
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Part-time
working for different companies at different times rather than being permanently employed by one company
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Freelance
not having a job but actively looking for one
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Unemployed
performs specific tasks based on a contract with a set fee and timeframe without being a regular employee
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Contractor
a student or trainee who works, sometimes without pay, in order to gain work experience or satisfy requirements for a qualification
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Intern
having left one's job and ceased to work, typically due to age or after a long period of employment
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Retired
a person employed temporarily, for certain times of the year when demand for a certain product or service is high
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Seasonal
working from a location outside of the traditional office environment, usually from home
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Telecommuting/remote working
the last time or date something should be done
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Deadline
when a group of people work together to reach a common goal
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Teamwork
someone who is in charge of running a company or group of employees
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Manager
a way for a group of people to come up with a lot of ideas for how to solve a problem
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Brainstorming
information about how people feel about a product, how well someone did on a job, etc., that is used to make things better
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Feedback
describes a period where an employee is not present in their usual work location, usually due to travel or vacation
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Out of office
the process of bringing a new employee into a company or getting a new customer or client used to your goods or services
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Onboarding
control every part, however small, of an enterprise or activity
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Micromanage
to entrust a task or responsibility to another person, typically one who is less senior than oneself
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Delegate
never “SAY a joke” but...
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TELL a joke / CRACK a joke
to start laughing suddenly
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to crack up / burst out laughing
extremely funny
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hilarious
the joke was unsuccessful – nobody listening to it laughed or thought it was funny
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a joke fell flat
A joke that makes other people feel bad or insulted
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an offensive joke / a tasteless joke
The person who is the object of the joke – the joke is about him/her
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the butt of the joke
The person acting so ridiculous or stupid that other people are laughing at him/her
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laughingstock
a way to say “I’m only joking; I’m not speaking seriously”
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"Just kidding!"
to make little comments about someone which are rather funny but also may be slightly insulting or embarrass the person
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tease someone / make fun of someone
something serious, not something to take lightly
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no joke / no laughing matter
comedy performed on stage, usually by one person talking directly to the audience, for typically between five minutes and one hour (also simply called stand
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stand-up comedy
comedy that is about topics that are usually serious or painful such as death, suicide, divorce, genocide, etc. (also known as black comedy, morbid humor, gallows humor)
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Dark humor (also known as black comedy, morbid humor, gallows humor)
A structure for the hanging of criminals
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gallows
a joke that has physical aspects
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Practical joke
Comical imitation of another work
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parody
Using irony and humor to mock political or religious views
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satire
to play a trick that is intended to be funny but not to cause harm or damage
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to prank someone
to understand the joke and appreciate why it’s funny
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to GET a joke
when we laugh AT somebody, the person often doesn’t enjoy the joke because the joke is about their mistake or weakness (this is potentially cruel)
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to laugh AT
When we laugh WITH a person, we can both enjoy the joke because neither of us is the target of the humor
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to laugh WITH
Someone who does something as a hobby and not as their job
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amateur
A person who is very good at sports or physical exercise
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athlete
The leader of a sports team
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captain
Cardiovascular exercise that raises your heart rate, such as running, swimming, or cycling
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cardio
Someone whose job is to teach people to improve at a sport
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coach
A person or team that is competing against others
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competitor
A competition to do better than other people, usually in which prizes are given
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contest
A loss against someone else in a competition
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defeat
To move a ball along by bouncing it or giving it a series of short kicks or pushes
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Dribble
The ability to endure an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way
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Endurance
The condition of being physically fit and healthy
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Fitness
A place or club where you can go to exercise using machines, weights, and other equipment
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Gym
Running at a steady, gentle pace as a form of physical fitness
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Jogging
A group of teams which compete against each other in a sport
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league
A metal disc given as a prize in a competition
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medal
A band of tissue in a human or animal body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in parts of the body
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Muscle
A qualified person who advises individuals on exercise, nutrition, and how to improve their physical health and fitness
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Personal Trainer
Someone who earns money for doing a sport
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professional
A person who makes certain that the rules are followed in a sports game
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referee
The number of points, goals, runs, etc., achieved in a game by a team or an individual
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Score
A period of the year when a particular thing happens
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season
An ability to do an activity or job well
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skill
Someone who watches a sport
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spectator
A large, open area with seats around it, used for playing and watching sports
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stadium
Forms of physical exercise designed to improve elasticity and achieve comfortable muscle tone
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Stretching
A group of people who play a sport or game together
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team
A competition with a series of games between many teams or players, with one winner at the end
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tournament
A session of vigorous physical exercise or training
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Workout
The bony structure that protects the brain
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Skull
The column of bones that supports the body and protects the spinal cord.
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Spine
The individual bones that form the spine.
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Vertebrae
The set of ribs that protect the heart and lungs.
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Ribcage
The bone of the upper arm.
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Humerus
The two bones of the forearm.
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Radius & Ulna
The bony structure that supports the spine and protects abdominal organs.
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Pelvis
The thigh bone, the longest bone in the body.
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Femur
The two bones of the lower leg.
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Tibia & Fibula
The control center of the nervous system.
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Brain
Pumps blood throughout the body.
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Heart
Facilitate breathing and oxygen exchange.
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Lungs
A large organ that performs many metabolic functions.
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Liver
Filter waste from the blood and make urine.
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Kidneys
Breaks down food with acids and enzymes.
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Stomach
A muscle that helps control breathing.
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Diaphragm
Stores urine until it leaves the body.
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Bladder
Part of the digestive system, absorbs water and forms waste.
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Large Intestines
Absorb nutrients from digested food.
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Small Intestines
Connects bones to other bones.
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Ligament
Connects muscles to bone.
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Tendon
Mandatory payments citizens and businesses make to the government.
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Taxes
Services that maintain or improve people’s health.
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Healthcare
A non-government health facility run for profit.
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private medical clinic
the amount of money saved to spend on health
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Health fund
work in a given way
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Operate
money made after costs
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Profit
without a job
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Unemployed
To manage or operate something.
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To run
A nation with advanced industries and high economic development.
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Industrialized country
To give or add something (e.g., money, effort, support).
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Contribute
Costs paid directly by a patient, not covered by insurance.
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Out-of-pocket
Non-governmental institutions providing services, often for profit.
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private medical facility
A person who works for wages or salary under an employer.
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Employee
A person or organization that hires and pays employees.
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Employer
The period a person must wait before receiving a service.
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Waiting time
The part of the body between the chest and hips.
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Abdomen
A condition with sudden onset and short duration.
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Acute
An abnormal reaction by the immune system to a substance.
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Allergy
A condition where you have a low red blood cell count.
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Anemia
Medicine that kills bacteria.
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Antibiotic
A protein made by the body to fight infections.
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Antibody
A substance that prevents infection in wounds.
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Antiseptic
A condition that causes breathing difficulty.
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Asthma
Not harmful; not cancerous.
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Benign
A sample of tissue taken to examine for disease.
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Biopsy
The force of blood against the arteries.
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Blood Pressure
Discoloration on the skin caused by injury.
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Bruise
A disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth.
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Cancer
Related to the heart.
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Cardiac
A long
Chronic
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lasting or recurring condition.
A place where patients receive medical care.
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Clinic
Able to spread from person to person.
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Contagious
A sudden expulsion of air from the lungs.
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Cough
Identification of a disease.
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Diagnosis
A condition affecting blood sugar levels.
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Diabetes
Frequent loose bowel movements.
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Diarrhea
Release of fluid from the body.
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Discharge
Feeling of spinning or losing balance.
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Dizzy
Specific amount of medicine to take.
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Dose
A test to check heart function.
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ECG (Electrocardiogram)
Swelling caused by fluid in tissues.
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Edema
A serious situation needing immediate attention.
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Emergency
A physical check by a doctor.
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Examination
High body temperature due to illness.
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Fever
A broken bone.
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Fracture
Extreme tiredness.
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Fatigue
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
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Gastroenteritis
A type of sugar in the blood.
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Glucose
A doctor for common medical problems.
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General Practitioner (GP)
Pain in the head.
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Headache
Blocked blood flow to the heart muscle.
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Heart Attack
Heavy bleeding.
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Hemorrhage
High blood pressure.
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Hypertension
Low blood pressure.
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Hypotension
A hospital unit for very ill patients.
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ICU (Intensive Care Unit)
Illness caused by bacteria, virus, or fungi.
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Infection
Swelling, redness, or pain in body tissues.
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Inflammation
Medicine given through a needle.
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Injection
Where two bones meet.
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Joint
Yellowing of skin and eyes due to liver problems.
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Jaundice
Surgery to replace a damaged knee joint.
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Knee Replacement
Abnormal tissue or sore on the body.
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Lesion
A swelling or small mass under the skin.
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Lump
A severe headache often with nausea.
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Migraine
Dangerous, often cancerous.
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Malignant
A scan for soft tissues.
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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Sudden tightening of a muscle.
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Muscle Cramp
Substance used to treat illness.
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Medication
Feeling like you want to vomit.
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Nausea
Loss of feeling in a body part.
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Numbness
Usual or healthy measurement range.
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Normal Range
Surgical procedure.
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Operation
A gas essential for breathing.
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Oxygen
Excessive body weight or fat.
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Obesity
A drug that relieves pain.
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Painkiller
Rapid or irregular heartbeat.
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Palpitation
Lung infection causing cough and fever.
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Pneumonia
Written order for medicine.
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Prescription
Heartbeat measured at the wrist or neck.
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Pulse
Isolation to prevent disease spread.
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Quarantine
The use of imaging (like Xrays) to diagnose or treat diseases.
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Radiology
Red, irritated skin.
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Rash
Returning to health.
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Recovery
Therapy to restore normal function after illness or injury.
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Rehabilitation
Automatic body movement.
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Reflex
The act of breathing.
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Respiration
Reviving someone from unconsciousness or apparent death.
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Resuscitation
A break or tear in a body part or organ.
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Rupture
Sudden uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain.
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Seizure
Unintended effect of a medicine.
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Side Effect
A painful or raw spot.
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Sore
Injury to ligaments.
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Sprain
Tool used to listen to the heart and lungs.
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Stethoscope
Enlarged area, often from injury.
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Swelling
Body heat measurement.
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Temperature
Tissue connecting muscle to bone.
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Tendon
Tool to measure temperature.
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Thermometer
Care to cure or manage a disease.
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Treatment
A lump caused by abnormal cell growth.
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Tumor
Ultrasound – Imaging test using sound waves.
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Ultrasound
Test of pee to check for illness.
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Urine Test
Study of urinary system and male reproductive organs.
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Urology
Medicine to prevent disease.
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Vaccine
Small germ causing illness.
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Virus
Forcing stomach contents out through the mouth.
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Vomiting
Basic body functions (pulse, temperature, etc.).
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Vital Signs
Break in the skin due to injury.
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Wound
Lack of strength.
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Weakness
Imaging technique to see bones.
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Xray
Fungal infection, often in moist areas.
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Yeast Infection
Mineral important for healing and immunity.
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Zinc
Illness passed from animals to humans.
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Zoonotic Disease
rough/open/scraped/damaged
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raw
constant, dull pain
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ache
swelling filled with fluid on skin (bubbles)
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blister
extreme/very great
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severe
contraction of a muscle
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cramps
mucus from the nose
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runny nose (snot)
makes you want to scratch
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itchy
overfull/overcrowded
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congested (lungs, sinuses, etc.)

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