CONTRACT LAW - PART II - REMEDIES

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REMEDY
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ŚRODEK ODSZKODOWAWCZY
BREACH OF CONTRACT
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NARUSZENIE UMOWY
TO SEEK REMEDIES
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DOCHODZIĆ ODSZKODOWANIA
NON-BREACHING PARTY
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STRONA NIE NARUSZAJĄCA UMOWY
INJURED PARTY
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STRONA POSZKODOWANA
AGGRIEVEDPARTY
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STRONA POSZKODOWANA
WRONGED PARTY
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STRONA POSZKODOWANA
NON - MONETARY RELIEF
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ZADOŚĆUCZYNIENIE NIEPIENIĘŻNE
DAMAGES
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ODSZKODOWANIE PIENIĘŻNE
REDRESS[rɪ`dres]
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ZADOŚĆUCZYNIENIE
DAMAGE
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SZKODA (RZECZOWNIK NIEPOLICZALNY)
LOSS
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SZKODA
TO FORESEE
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PRZEWIDZIEĆ
FORESEEABLE
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PRZEWIDYWALNY
EXPECTATION DAMAGES
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ODSZKODOWANIE ZA UTRACONE KORZYŚCI
RELIANCE DAMAGES
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ODSZKODOWANIE W CELU REKOMPENSATY PONIESIONYCH WYDATKÓW,
RESTITUTION DAMAGES
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CEL-STRONA NARUSZAJĄCA UMOWĘ MA ZWRÓCIĆ WSZYSTKO CO OTRZYMAŁA NA PODSTAWIE NARUSZONEJ UMOWY
SPECIAL DAMAGES
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ODSZKODOWANIE Z TYTUŁU RZECZYWISTYCH STRAT LUB SZKÓD PONIESIONYCH PRZEZ POKRZYWDZONĄ STRONĘ.
GENERAL DAMAGES
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PRZECIWIEŃSTWO TERMINU SPECIAL DAMAGES - OZNACZA TYPOWE DLA DANEGO PRZYPADKU ODSZKODOWANIE ORZEKANE PRZEZ SĄDY. UŻYCIE TERMINU SPECIAL DAMAGES SUGERUJE ZATEM, ŻE STRONA POKRZYWDZONA POWOŁUJE SIĘ NA SZCZEGÓLNE OKOLICZNOŚCI SPRAWY I WNOSI O USTANOWIENIE PRECEDENSU,
PUNITIVE DAMAGES
His suit seeks compensatory and punitive damages against the prison officials. The company fought to avoid paying punitive damages in connection with the oil tanker spill. The Equal Pay Act does not allow punitive damages. The jury could also impose punitive damages. They may be able to get punitive damages from employers. They won $145 million in punitive damages.
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ODSZKODOWANIE, KTÓREGO CELEM JEST UKARANIE STRONY NARUSZAJĄCEJ UMOWĘ ZA NAGANNE ZACHOWANIE NP. OSZUSTWO
damages designed to discourage future misconduct by the breaching party by punishing it for committing a civil wrong
LIQUDATED DAMAGES
Councillor Farmer said the delay would cost the local authority up to £6,000 a week, although £4,500 of this will be redeemable through liquidated damages. If the contract is breached, BQE will be able to claim liquidated damages. Uccello Immobilien, GMBH ('Defendant'), seeks to reverse a liquidated damages award ordered pursuant to a settlement agreement with Edward Resnick. The contractor brought proceedings to enforce the award, which was met by a counterclaim for liquidated damages. A Philad
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ODSZKODOWANIE ZASRZEŻONE W UMOWIE W RAZIE NARUSZENIA UMOWY PRZEZ STRONĘ
compensation that is agreed to in a contract and that will be paid to the non-breaching party in the event of a breach
PENALTY CLAUSE
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KARA UMOWNA
SPECIFIC PEFORMANCE
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NAKAZ WYKONANIA UMOWY WYDANY PRZEZ SĄD
TO RESCIND A CONTRACT
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ODSTĄPIĆ OD UMOWY
TO CANCEL A CONTRACT
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ODSTĄPIĆ OD UMOWY
TO CONSTITUTE
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STANOWIĆ
PRESCIBED
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ZASTRZEŻONY,
PRESUMED
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PRZEWIDZIANY
ANTICIPATED
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PRZEWIDZIANY
ANTICIPATORY
This action arose out of Defendants' anticipatory breach of an agreement to lease commercial space. The university also pled an "anticipatory breach of contract" count. The acts of the other party amounted to an anticipatory breach of the contract. Its obligation to pay Eng was extinguished by an alleged anticipatory breach of the contract.
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PRZED TERMINEM
when one party to a contract tells the other side, before the date by which the contract must be performed, that the contract will not be performed.
REASONABLNESS
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ZASADNOŚĆ
REASONABLE
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ZASADNY
TO ASSESS
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OCENIĆ
TO DETER
High fences are deterring many would-be criminals from entering the property. Don't be deterred by the difficulties involved in going to court. The financial crisis has deterred investment in new projects.
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POWSTRZYMYWAĆ
to prevent or discourage someone from doing something, especially by making it difficult for them or by threatening bad consequences if they do it
DETERRENT
We hope that his jail sentence will serve as a deterrent to others.
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ŚRODEK ZAPOBIEGAWCZY
something that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something
TO SEVER
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ODDZIELAĆ
1. to try civil claims or issues pleaded in the same case separately 2. to end a joint tenancy (=a type of co-tenancy where if one of the joint tenants dies his or her share goes to the surviving joint tenant(s)) 3. to split a legal document (especially a contract or a statute) into different parts in order to deal with its provisions separately 4. to end a connection with someone or something, especially because of a disagreement 6. to try criminal offences or defendants separately to avoid any
INTENT
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ZAMIAR
TO INTEND
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ZAMIERZAĆ
TO REIMBURSE
They are seeking to be reimbursed for litigation costs. We'll reimburse you for the damage. The politician agreed to reimburse the taxpayers. The winning party was entitled to be reimbursed.
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ZWRÓCIĆ WYDANĄ KWOTĘ
to pay back an amount of money that someone has lost or spent, especially when it was lost or spent because of you of because of something for which you are responsible
REIMBURSEMENT
Reimbursement derives from an Old French word meaning to put back into a purse.
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ZWROT
the paying back of an amount of money that someone has lost or spent, especially when it was lost or spent because of you of because of something for which you are responsible
DISBURSE
The Board of Directors resolved to disburse dividends to the shareholders. Disburse and disperse are easily confused because of their similar pronunciation. Disburse is used to refer to the distribution of money or other assets. Disperse refers to the distribution, scattering or spreading of other things, often people or diseases.
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WYPŁACAĆ
to pay out funds
DISBURSEMENT
There has been no disbursement of profits to date. The money will be put into disbursement accounts. The Board approved the final disbursement of loans. The disbursement of funds begins upon execution.
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WYPŁATA
money paid out or spent; an amount of money given for a particular purpose
PROMPTLY, FORTHWITH
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BEZWŁOCZNIE
(FORMAL) immediately
TO PROCURE
The ships are to be procured by the Government in 2010. We will procure certain tax advantages if we sell the shares now. The company is short of money and needs to procure funding from investors (=those who provide money). The Seller shall procure that the documents are delivered on Completion. The contractor contacted a number of subcontractors to procure bids (=offers) for the work involved in the construction project.
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DOSTARCZYĆ
to get something, especially after some care or effort 2. to persuade or cause someone or something to do something
MUTUALLY
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WSPÓLNIE
INCLUSIVE OF
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ŁĄCZNIE Z...
IN EXCESS OF
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POWYŻEJ
TO DEDUCT FROM
You can deduct losses on your tax return. Purchasers are entitled to deduct the full amount. You may fully deduct interest paid on these loans.
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ODLICZAĆ OD
to subtract or take away
SUBTRACTED FROM
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ODJĘTY OD
DEADLINE
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TERMIN
INTEREST RATE
Borrowers with no past financial difficulties normally get a lower interest rate. The banks have all lowered their interest rates for loans to house owners. If a party fails to make payment on the due date and interest rate of 4% will be charged on the outstanding amount. The company tried to renegotiate the interest rate of its loan with the bank.
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STOPA PROCENTOWA
percentage of principal paid by borrower to lender as a price for the use of the lender's money
INTEREST ON
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ODSETKI OD
MATURITY
A proportion of the loan is repayable before maturity. The government is to issue bonds with one year to maturity. The loan's maturity date is set out in the loan agreement.
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TERMIN WYMAGALNOŚCI
moment in time when a loan becomes due
TO ENABLE
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UMOŻLIWIAĆ
EXTENSION
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PRZEDŁUŻENIE TERMINU
TO MITIGATE
The court found that the plaintiff (=person bringing claim) had failed to mitigate the loss. The costs of mitigating the impact of the earthquake were borne by insurers. The jury had to take into account any mitigating circumstances, such as the defendant's previous good character. The company was required to take reasonable measures to mitigate the risks involved in the investments.
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ZMNIEJSZYĆ, ZŁAGODZIĆ
to reduce the harmful, unpleasant or bad effects of something
EVIDENTIARY FINDING
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USTALENIA DOWODOWE
DETERMINATION
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ZAKOŃCZENIE, OKREŚLENIE
COLLATERAL
hey put up the house as collateral. The stocks were pledged as collateral. The collateral serves as protection for the loan. A secured party is able to seize collateral. She raised a loan using her artwork and properties as collateral.
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ZASTAW
assets (=something valuable) that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back money that you owe them
PLEDGE
Good borrowers tend to pledge more collateral (=borrower's property which will become lender's property if money not paid back). Certain assets were pledged under the debenture (=agreement under which security granted). The Debtor has agreed to pledge to the Secured Party the property known as Dunroamin as collateral. The borrower had no right to sell the pledged assets.
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ZASTAW
1. to deposit property as security for a loan of money 2. to make a solemn (=very serious) promise
SECURITY
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ZABEZPIECZENIE
TO COMMISSION
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ZLECAĆ
TO CONSTRUE
The court saw no reason to construe the contract otherwise than directly. Nothing in this section shall be construed as preventing the use of a trade mark. If we are to be bound by the laws of England, those laws ought surely to be correctly construed. The term 'Change in Control' is to be construed accordingly. His actions should not be construed as evidence (=proof) of insanity.
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INTERPRETOWAĆ
to construe actions or statements is to interpret these actions or statements in order to give them meaning
TO ASCERTAIN
A lawyer should examine all relevant documents to ascertain whether a lien exists. They failed to properly ascertain the basis of his authority. They referred the document to legal counsel to ascertain the impact of the amendment. Our role as judges is to ascertain the intent of the Legislature. He searched the county records to ascertain the identity of the lender. The court looked to the language of the agreement to ascertain the rights of the parties.
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USTALAĆ
to find something out for certain; to make sure
TO AWARD
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PRZYZNAWAĆ
FUTILE
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POINTLESS, BEZOWOCNY, PRÓŻNY
1. Having no useful result. 2. Trifling and frivolous;
LAPSED
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PRZEDAWNIONY
ADMITTEDLY
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WPRAWDZIE
TO HOLD
The court held that he was guilty of the crime. hold a power of attorney
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STWIERDZAĆ, UTRZYMYWAĆ
1. to decide or rule on a case during a court trial or similar legal proceedings 2. have possession of property, right, office or position
TO REVERSE
The plaintiff requested that judgment be reversed. The appellate court decision reversed the judgment of the lower court. The case was reversed and remanded. The Panel reversed the ruling of the district court. The decision was reversed on appeal.
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ZMIENIAĆ
1. to say officially that a judgment, sentence, or decree etc made by a lower court or authority no longer has effect 2. to change to an opposite position, process or way of doing something
TO DISMISS
'Case dismissed!' The suit was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. Plaintiff filed a motion to dismiss. The court dismissed the claim without prejudice. The appeal was dismissed.
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ODDALAĆ
to refuse any further hearing of a case
TO REPUDIATE
Churchill was quick to repudiate the Munich agreement, but we still remember it with shame. The Mayor called upon politicians, elected leaders and other public officials to repudiate negative or prejudicial portrayals of Muslims. The client could not repudiate the contract in part by continuing the relationship but discontinuing employment. This was an improper effort to amend or repudiate the plea agreement. They did not repudiate the loan.
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TO REFUSE TO ACCEPT ITS VALIDITY, NIE UZNAWAĆ
1. to say or show formally that something is not correct 2. to refuse to accept, or to no longer accept, a duty or an obligation
TO INDEMNIFY FOR
The insurer is under a duty to indemnify. The employer was indemnified against its legal liability to its employees for injuries suffered. Assignor agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Assignee for any claims arising from this agreement. The contractor was obliged to indemnify the buyer under the agreement. The company undertook to indemnify and hold harmless the supplier against claims made against it by third parties. We are indemnified under the house insurance.
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PŁACIĆ ODSZKODOWANIE ZA
to promise to compensate someone for loss suffered where they are liable to (=responsible to) another person (in order to restore them to the financial position they were in before the loss happened) 2. to protect against damage or loss by paying a certain amount of money to cover the costs, e.g. in the context of insurance
TO INDEMNIFY SMB AGAINST SMTH
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ZABEZPIECZAĆ KOGOŚ PRZED CZYMŚ
TO CONTRAVENE
The sale of shares contravenes the shareholders' agreement. This does not contravene the law. This section shall not contravene the earlier provisions. This principle has been contravened by the Board. This contravened the provisions of the Companies Act.
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NARUSZAĆ
to break a law, rule or agreement etc
VICTIMIZED
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PRZEŚLADOWANY
IN THE ABSENCE OF A DIFFERENT STIPULATION IN A CONTRACT
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W BRAKU ODMIENNEGO POSTANOWIENIA UMOWY
CONTRACT AT ISSUE
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PRZEDMIOTOWA UMOWA
TO PURSUE
His creditors pursued him through the courts.
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PROWADZIĆ, ŚCIGAĆ
to chase, follow or take legal action against someone or something etc in order to catch them, attack them or to get a legal remedy etc

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