business law

An official power giving someone the right to act on someone else's behalf in legal matters is called

power of attorney. POA, proxy

The protecting of information about individuals stored in a computer from being copied or used wrongly

data protection

phrase spoken or written in a letter when attempting to negotiate a settlement which means that the negotiations cannot be referred to in court or relied upon by the other party if discussions fail.

without prejudice

a business partnership where two or more companies join together as partners for a limited period.

joint venture

an expression of French origin that is used for something which happens which is out of control of the parties who have signed a contract (for example, a war or a storm), and is also known as an act of God.

force majeure

refers to the various steps an employee takes if he / she wants to complain about his / her employers.

grievanve procedure

the contents of a document which regulate the way in which a company's affairs (such as the appointment of directors or the rights of shareholders) are managed.

articles of association

A section in a company's (number 7 above) which requires any shares offered for sale to be first offered to existing shareholders

pre-emption clause

when a company is put into liquidation

winding up

The legal responsibility of an employer when employees are subject to accidents due to negligence on the part of an employer

employer's liability

The legal responsibility of one person for the actions of another person, especially the responsibility of an employer for acts committed by an employee in the course of work,

vicarious liability

a company where each shareholder is responsible for paying the company's debts only to the face value of the shares he / she owns.

limited liability

a legal document setting up a limited company and giving details of its aims, capital structure, and registered office

memorandum of association

a document showing that a company has repaid a mortgage or charge.

memorandum of satisfaction

A situation where two or more parties share a single legal responsibility, and each party is also liable for the whole claim,

joint and several

When a dispute between two parties is settled before it gets to court

out of court

When an overseas company (or an individual) cannot access its assets because a court order prevents it from doing so

freezing injunction

compensatory payments which are not for a fixed amount of money but are awarded by a court as a matter of discretion depending on the case.

unliquidated damages

The duty to prove that something which has been alleged in court is true is known as the

burden of proof

Behaviour which is not suitable for a professional person and goes against the code of practice of a profession

unprofessional conduct

Facts which are secret and must not be passed on to other people

confidential information

A body responsible for hearing work-related complaints as specified by statute

employment tribunal

a legally-binding rule that is imposed on the recipient of private or secret information which states that the recipient should not pass the information on to someone else

obligation of confidentiality

The name, design or other feature which identifies a commercial product, has been registered by the maker and cannot be used by other makers

registered trade mark

something such as a copyright, patent or design which someone has created or produced that no-one else can legally copy, use or sell.

intellectual property

The conditions which have to be carried out as part of a contract, or arrangements which have to be made before a contract is valid,

terms and conditions

The removal of someone from a job for a reason that cannot be justified, and which is in breach of contract,

wrongful dismissal

an attempt by one company to do better than another company by using methods such as importing foreign products at very low prices or by wrongly criticising a competitor's products.

unfair competition

A failure to carry out an essential or basic term of a contract is known

fundamental breach

when a court orders a company to close and its assets to be sold.

compulsory liquidation

to take something weaker or less effective

undermine

people who have invested in and own part of a business or people who have a personal interest in how sth happens

stakeholders

open and honest about its actions

transparent

people who won shares in a company

shareholders

business dealings and other actions

transactions

to ask someone for sth-in this case for an immoral or unethical purpose

solicit

sth which encourages

inventive

money offered corruptly to someone to get him to do sth to help you

bribes

honestly/moral principles

integrity

tubylczy, krajowy

indigenous

wykorzystany, maltretowany

abuse

wpływać

affect

odszkodowanie

compensation

wyzyskiwać, wykorzystywac

exploit

odnawialny, przyjazny

sustainable

traktat

treaty

wiążący

legally-binding

kompetencja

jurisdiction

naruszenie

violation

redysponowany

committed

zdolność

facility

ograniczenie, umiar

restraint

oczerniać!!!

denigrate

leave that follows maternity leave, urlop okazionalny

compassionate leave

udogodnienia w opiece nad dziecmi

child care ficilities

urzędowy, based on a formal contract, formal work

identured

zmuszać

force

niewolniczy

slave

under unfair threatment, illegal

under duress

to be off duty

isn't at work

zamieszkany

inhabited

ekonomicznie gorsze okolice

economically-deprived areas

borrow money, lend

advance someone

poślizgnąć się

slip on

kopnięty prądem

electroduced by some exposed electrical wires

treating some people in a worse way than you treat other people

discrimination

making someone weaker

undemine

an economic system in which anyone can raise capital, form a business

free enterprise

complying with or following rules, prowadzić

conduct

expressed, given a material form, wcielić

embody

according to generally accepted beliefs based on morals

ethical custom

a usual way of behaving

custom

to the degree or extent that

dividends

causes damage to

harm, problem

supporters, people who argue in favour of sth

proponents