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4 main forms of market manipulation: bắt đầu học
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Benchmark manipulation. | Transactions manipulation. | Dissemination. | Devices manipulation. BT DD
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Manipulating Transactions essence: 4 main forms of market manipulation: bắt đầu học
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Using transactions or orders without a legitimate reason to artificially influence the price of an investment, or create a false or misleading impression of supply or demand.
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Manipulating Devices essence: 4 main forms of market manipulation: bắt đầu học
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behaviour that consists of effecting transactions which employ fictitious devices or any other form of deception or contrivance.
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4 main forms of market manipulation: bắt đầu học
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Spreading information that gives or is likely to give a false or misleading impression about a qualifying investment, where the person knew that the information was false or misleading.
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Benchmark Manipulation essence: 4 main forms of market manipulation: bắt đầu học
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Transmitting false or misleading inputs in relation to a benchmark.
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UK MAR recognises that not all unusual trading activity constitutes market abuse, provided that... bắt đầu học
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the behaviour can be justified as legitimate and consistent with accepted market practices on the market (valid commercial reasons)
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What does stand for PDMR? bắt đầu học
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Person Discharging Managerial Responsibilities osoba pełniąca obowiązki kierownicze They must ensure their transactions are transparent and promptly disclosed.
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2 Person Discharging Managerial Responsibilities bắt đầu học
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Directors. | Senior executives. The definition of ‘PDMR’ extends to those who are closely associated with them.
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PDMRs must notify the issuer or the emission allowance market about... bắt đầu học
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PDMR must be made personal transaction notifications, no later than... bắt đầu học
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3 days after the transaction details including: Name of the issuer or emission allowance participant. | Description and identifier of the instrument traded.
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Individuals conducting transactions in their company’s - the closed period is... bắt đầu học
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30 calendar days before the announcement of the company’s interim or annual financial report.
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Persons Closely Associated are as individuals such as... 2cz bắt đầu học
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Spouses, dependent children, | Entities controlled by the PDMR. SE
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bắt đầu học
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Accepted Market Practices A defence against potential market manipulation charges.
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Accepted Market Practices aspects. Legitimate Reasons essence: bắt đầu học
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Transactions or behaviours must be carried out for legitimate reasons to be considered an AMP.
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Accepted Market Practices aspects. Conforming to Accepted Market Practices. The behaviour must align with... bắt đầu học
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... with the ESTABLISHED AMP for it to be considered acceptable.
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Accepted Market Practices aspects. Consultation: Before establishing an AMP, the FCA is required to consult with... bắt đầu học
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... with relevant STAKEHOLDERS like issuers, financial service providers, and market participants.
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Accepted Market Practices aspects. Transparency essence: bắt đầu học
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The AMPs identities must be disclosed.
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The FCA takes into account several criteria when deciding whether to accept a market practice as an AMP, including the structure of the market and extent of... bắt đầu học
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... of retail participation.
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AMP exception: activities related to... bắt đầu học
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... to buy-back programs.
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An investment recommendation does not fall under the MiFID definition of investment advice or... bắt đầu học
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... or a personal recommendation. ‘Investment recommendation’ is a strategy provided by a firm on financial instruments in relation to short-term trading ideas.
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Investment recommendations captured by UK MAR are subject to substantial disclosure requirements, not just... bắt đầu học
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not just a one-off requirement at the point of distribution (but also ongoing obligations). There are 10 relevant points.
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Investment recommendations captured by UK MAR are subject to substantial disclosure requirements, not just a one-off requirement at the point of distribution. For example... bắt đầu học
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Facts are clearly distinguished from interpretations, estimates, opinions and other types of non-factual information. also: All sources are clearly indicated. | All forecasts are clearly labelled. | Methodology. | Price target. | Explanation of: buy, sell or hold. | Indication of changes from previous recommendations.
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