Umowa kredytowa 3

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câu hỏi câu trả lời
Information Undertakings
Obligations to provide regular financial and operational updates.
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zobowiązania informacyjne
Facility Period
The duration during which the loan agreement remains in effect.
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okres kredytowania
audited financial statements
Financial reports reviewed and verified by an independent auditor.
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audytowane sprawozdania finansowe
ultimate Holding Company
The top-level parent company in a corporate structure.
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ostateczna spółka holdingowa
Shareholder
The entity that owns shares in the Borrower.
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udziałowiec
General Contractor
The main party responsible for construction works.
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generalny wykonawca
Tenant
The party leasing the property from the Borrower.
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najemca
best-effort basis
A commitment to try, but without a strict guarantee.
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w miarę możliwości
acceptable to the Agent
Approved by the party representing the lenders.
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zaakceptowany przez Agenta
authorized signatory
A person legally empowered to sign documents on behalf of a company.
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upoważniony przedstawiciel
true and fair view
A standard indicating that financial statements accurately reflect the company’s financial position.
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rzetelny i prawdziwy obraz
fairly presenting
Representing financial data without distortion or bias.
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uczciwie przedstawiający
balance sheet
A financial statement showing assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.
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bilans
profit and loss account
A statement showing revenues, expenses, and profit over a period.
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rachunek zysków i strat
notes to financial statements
Additional explanations and disclosures accompanying the main financial statements.
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noty do sprawozdań finansowych
generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)
Standardized accounting rules used to prepare financial statements.
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ogólnie przyjęte zasady rachunkowości
consistently applied
Applied in the same manner across reporting periods for comparability.
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stosowane w sposób spójny
Compliance Certificate
A formal statement confirming compliance with financial covenants.
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certyfikat zgodności
Clause 20 (Financial covenants)
The section of the agreement setting financial performance requirements.
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klauzula 20 (wskaźniki finansowe)
Calculation Day
The date on which financial covenant compliance is assessed.
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dzień obliczeniowy
Net Rental Income
Rental income after deducting operating costs and taxes.
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dochód netto z najmu
return of income tax
Tax refund received or receivable by the Borrower.
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zwrot podatku dochodowego
authorised attorney-in-fact
A person legally empowered to act on behalf of the Borrower.
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upoważniony pełnomocnik
electronic signature
A digital form of signature legally recognized for document authentication.
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podpis elektroniczny
rules of representation
Legal rules defining who can sign documents on behalf of a company.
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zasady reprezentacji
Occupancy Permit
Official approval to use a completed building.
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pozwolenie na użytkowanie
Operating Budget
A financial plan for the property’s operating expenses and revenues.
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budżet operacyjny
rent-roll
A schedule listing tenants, rental terms, and payments.
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zestawienie najmu
arrears
Amounts overdue and unpaid by tenants.
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zaległości
statement of operations
Summary of income and expenses related to property operations.
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zestawienie operacyjne
tax certificate
Official confirmation of tax compliance.
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zaświadczenie podatkowe
Social Security Office (ZUS)
Polish institution managing social security contributions.
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Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych
litigation / arbitration / administrative proceedings
Legal processes involving disputes or regulatory issues.
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postępowania sądowe / arbitrażowe / administracyjne
promptly upon becoming aware
Immediately after learning of a relevant fact or event.
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niezwłocznie po uzyskaniu wiedzy
reasonably request
A request that is justified and not excessive.
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uzasadnione żądanie
pre-agreed in writing
Approved in advance through formal written agreement.
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uprzednio pisemnie uzgodnione
Default
A breach of the loan agreement, such as missed payments or covenant violations.
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naruszenie / niewykonanie zobowiązania
remedy
To take corrective action to fix a breach or issue.
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usunąć / naprawić
certificate
A formal document confirming a specific status or condition.
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certyfikat / zaświadczenie
Material Adverse Effect
A significant deterioration in financial, legal, or operational condition.
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istotnie negatywny wpływ
Business Day
A day on which banks are open for business, excluding weekends and holidays.
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dzień roboczy
Know your customer (KYC)
Regulatory process of verifying the identity and background of clients.
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poznaj swojego klienta
money laundering
Concealing the origins of illegally obtained money.
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pranie pieniędzy
financing of terrorism
Providing financial support to terrorist activities.
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finansowanie terroryzmu
Constitutional Documents
Legal documents defining the company’s structure and representation rules.
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dokumenty założycielskie
Power and authority
Legal and corporate capacity to enter into and perform agreements. E.g., The Borrower has the power and authority to sign the loan agreement.
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uprawnienia i kompetencje
No limit exceeded
The transaction does not breach internal or legal limits. E.g., The borrowing does not exceed corporate powers.
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brak przekroczenia uprawnień
Authorisations
Required approvals or permits. E.g., Board resolutions, licenses, or regulatory consents.
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zezwolenia / zgody
Admissible in evidence
Legally acceptable in court. E.g., The agreement is admissible in evidence in Poland.
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dopuszczalne jako dowód
Legal Reservations
Standard legal limitations on enforceability. E.g., Subject to insolvency or enforcement laws.
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ograniczenia prawne
Deduction or withholding for Tax
Withholding tax applied to payments. E.g., No tax deduction is required under Polish law.
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potrącenie lub pobór podatku
Stamp duty
Tax on legal documents. E.g., Stamp duty applies to powers of attorney.
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opłata skarbowa
Filing / recording / enrolling
Legal formalities for enforceability. E.g., Mortgages must be registered in the land register.
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złożenie / rejestracja / wpis
Pledge registry / share register
Official registers for security interests. E.g., Pledges must be registered.
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rejestr zastawów / rejestr udziałów
Event of Default
A breach of contract triggering lender rights. E.g., Non-payment or breach of covenants.
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przypadek naruszenia
Reasonably likely
A realistic and foreseeable possibility. E.g., No default is reasonably likely to occur.
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uzasadnione ryzyko
Utilisation
Drawing funds under the loan facility. E.g., No default will result from any Utilisation.
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wykorzystanie
Grace period
A time window to remedy a breach before it becomes a default. E.g., A missed payment may become a default after the grace period.
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okres karencji
Termination event
A situation allowing a party to terminate a contract. E.g., Cross-default clauses often define termination events.
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zdarzenie uprawniające do rozwiązania umowy
Misleading in any material respect
Information that could mislead a lender in making a decision. E.g., Omitting a major tenant default.
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wprowadzające w błąd w istotnym zakresie
Valuer
Independent expert who assesses property value. E.g., The Valuer relied on Borrower’s data.
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rzeczoznawca
Legal Due Diligence Report
Legal analysis of the Borrower or project. E.g., Lawyers prepare this report for the Lenders.
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raport z badania prawnego
Withheld or omitted
Failure to disclose relevant information. E.g., The Borrower must not withhold material facts.
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zatajenie lub pominięcie
Financial projections
Forecasts of future financial performance. E.g., Based on reasonable assumptions.
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prognozy finansowe
Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)
Standardy stosowane przy sporządzaniu sprawozdań finansowych. E.g., Polish GAAP or IFRS.
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powszechnie przyjęte zasady rachunkowości
Fairly represent
Accurately reflect the financial condition. E.g., The statements fairly represent the Borrower’s operations.
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rzetelnie przedstawiać
Material adverse change (MAC)
A significant deterioration in financial or business condition. E.g., No MAC has occurred since the last financials.
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istotna negatywna zmiana
Consistently applied
Accounting policies used uniformly over time. E.g., No change in depreciation method.
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stosowane w sposób spójny
pari passu
A legal term meaning that obligations rank equally in priority of payment.
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równorzędny / na równi
unsecured creditor
A creditor who does not have collateral backing their claim.
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wierzyciel niezabezpieczony
unsubordinated creditor
A creditor whose claims are not ranked below others in case of insolvency.
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wierzyciel niepodporządkowany
mandatorily preferred by law
Obligations that are given priority by law, such as tax debts.
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ustawowo uprzywilejowany
Material Adverse Effect
A significant negative change in the borrower's financial or legal condition.
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istotnie negatywny wpływ
Environmental Claim
A legal action related to environmental damage or non-compliance.
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roszczenie środowiskowe
Environmental Law
Regulations governing pollution, waste, and environmental protection.
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prawo środowiskowe
Environmental Permit
An official authorization to carry out activities affecting the environment.
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pozwolenie środowiskowe
hazardous substance
A material that poses risks to health or the environment.
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substancja niebezpieczna
ordinary course of operating
Routine business activities carried out in normal operations.
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zwykły tryb działalności
to the best of its knowledge
A phrase limiting liability based on known information at the time.
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według najlepszej wiedzy
carried on any business
To engage in commercial or operational activities.
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prowadzić działalność
consistent with
In line with or not contradicting the terms of another document.
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zgodny z
interest in property
A legal or beneficial right to own or use a property.
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udział w nieruchomości
beneficial ownership
Ownership that provides the benefits of property even if not in name.
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faktyczne posiadanie
unlimited liability
A situation where an entity is fully liable for its debts.
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nieograniczona odpowiedzialność
material liabilities
Significant financial obligations that may affect solvency.
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istotne zobowiązania
contingent liability
A potential obligation depending on a future event.
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zobowiązanie warunkowe
ordinary course of business
Regular, routine operations of a company.
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zwykły tryb działalności
aggregate amount
The total sum of all items combined.
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łączna kwota
Agent
A party appointed to manage financial transactions on behalf of lenders.
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agent
Existing Accounts
Bank accounts already approved and in use by the Borrower.
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istniejące rachunki
duly and punctually
Properly and on time, in accordance with legal or contractual obligations.
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należycie i terminowo
discharged
To pay off or settle a financial obligation.
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uregulowany / spłacony
Taxes imposed upon
Taxes legally levied on a person or entity.
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podatki nałożone na
incurring interest or penalties
Becoming liable for additional charges due to late payment.
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naliczanie odsetek lub kar
contested in good faith
Disputed honestly and with legitimate reasons.
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kwestionowany w dobrej wierze
appropriate means
Legal or procedural methods suitable for the situation.
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odpowiednie środki
validly made request
A formally submitted and legally acceptable application.
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prawidłowo złożony wniosek
Tax returns
Official documents filed with tax authorities reporting income and taxes owed.
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zeznania podatkowe
claims asserted
Legal demands or accusations made against a party.
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roszczenia zgłoszone
reasonably likely
A realistic possibility based on known facts or circumstances.
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uzasadnione prawdopodobieństwo
valid title
A legally recognized ownership right to an asset.
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ważny tytuł prawny
Transaction Security
Assets pledged to secure the obligations under the finance documents.
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zabezpieczenie transakcyjne
encumbrance
A legal claim or restriction on a property, such as a lien or easement.
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obciążenie
easement
A right to use part of a property for a specific purpose (e.g., utility access).
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służebność
Land and Mortgage Registers
Official public records of property ownership and encumbrances.
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księgi wieczyste
subsidence
The gradual sinking of land, which can damage buildings.
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osiadanie gruntu
material damage
Significant physical harm that affects the value or usability of an asset.
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istotne uszkodzenie
structural defect
A flaw in the building’s structure that may compromise safety or value.
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wada konstrukcyjna
good faith
Acting honestly and without intent to deceive.
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dobra wiara
impede
To obstruct or hinder progress or use.
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utrudniać
mortgage
A legal charge over property to secure a loan.
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hipoteka
Security
A legal right over assets to secure repayment of a loan.
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zabezpieczenie
Negative pledge
A clause preventing the borrower from creating additional security interests.
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zakaz ustanawiania zabezpieczeń
first ranking priority
The highest level of priority in case of enforcement or liquidation.
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pierwszeństwo w kolejności zaspokojenia
pari passu ranking
Equal ranking with other creditors or security holders.
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równorzędna kolejność zaspokojenia
share capital
The total value of shares issued by a company.
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kapitał zakładowy
fully paid
Shares for which the full purchase price has been paid.
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w pełni opłacony
option to purchase
A contractual right to buy shares at a future date.
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opcja zakupu
Constitutional Documents
Legal documents that define the structure and rules of a company (e.g., articles of association).
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dokumenty założycielskie
restrict or inhibit
To prevent or make difficult the execution of certain actions.
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ograniczać lub utrudniać
enforcement of the Security
The process of realizing the value of security in case of default.
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wykonanie zabezpieczenia
owns and controls
Has legal ownership and decision-making authority.
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posiada i kontroluje
insolvent
Unable to pay debts as they become due.
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niewypłacalny
threatened with insolvency
At risk of becoming insolvent based on financial condition.
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zagrożony niewypłacalnością
Transaction Document
Any agreement related to the financing transaction.
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dokument transakcyjny
winding-up
The process of closing a company and distributing its assets.
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likwidacja
dissolution
Legal termination of a company’s existence.
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rozwiązanie
restructuring / reorganisation
Changing the structure or operations of a company to improve viability.
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restrukturyzacja / reorganizacja
liquidation
Selling assets to pay off debts, often in insolvency.
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upadłość / likwidacja
receiver / administrator / trustee
A person appointed to manage a company’s assets during insolvency.
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syndyk / zarządca / powiernik
foreign bankruptcy proceedings
Insolvency processes initiated in another jurisdiction.
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zagraniczne postępowania upadłościowe
rescheduling / refinancing
Adjusting payment terms or replacing debt with new financing.
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zmiana harmonogramu / refinansowanie
Obligor
A party that has obligations under the finance documents.
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zobowiązany
immunity from suit
Legal protection preventing a party from being sued.
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immunitet od pozwu
execution / attachment
Legal processes to enforce a judgment or secure assets.
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egzekucja / zajęcie
legal process
Any formal legal action or proceeding.
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procedura prawna
Authorisation
Official permission required by law or regulation.
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zezwolenie / zgoda
Building Permit
Legal approval to begin construction.
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pozwolenie na budowę
Environmental Permit
Authorization to carry out activities affecting the environment.
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pozwolenie środowiskowe
transferred to
Legally assigned or moved to another party.
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przeniesione na
Project Documents
Contracts and materials defining the scope and terms of a development project.
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dokumenty projektowe
material amendments
Significant modifications that affect the substance of a document.
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istotne zmiany
Agent
A party representing the lenders and overseeing compliance.
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agent
Intellectual Property
Creations of the mind, such as designs, inventions, and trademarks.
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własność intelektualna
legal and beneficial owner
A person who holds legal title and enjoys the benefits of ownership.
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właściciel prawny i faktyczny
licence
Permission to use intellectual property under agreed terms.
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licencja
Final Completion Date
The date by which the project must be fully completed.
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data ostatecznego zakończenia
infringe
To violate someone’s legal rights, especially intellectual property.
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naruszać
challenge to validity
A legal dispute questioning whether a right or document is legally enforceable.
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zakwestionowanie ważności
Required Equity Contribution
The amount of equity the borrower must invest in the project.
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wymagany wkład kapitałowy
Subordinated Loan
A loan that ranks below other debts in case of liquidation.
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pożyczka podporządkowana
Material Adverse Effect
A significant negative change in financial or legal condition.
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istotnie negatywny wpływ
Original Financial Statements
The initial financial reports used as a reference point in the agreement.
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pierwotne sprawozdania finansowe
Repeating Representations
Representations that are deemed to be repeated at regular intervals (e.g., interest payment dates).
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powtarzalne oświadczenia
deemed to be repeated
Considered as restated without needing a new formal declaration.
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uznawane za ponownie złożone
Interest Payment Date
The scheduled date on which interest is due under the loan agreement.
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dzień płatności odsetek
without undue delay
As soon as reasonably possible, without unnecessary postponement.
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bez zbędnej zwłoki
no longer true or valid
A statement that has become incorrect or inapplicable due to changed circumstances.
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już nieprawdziwe lub nieważne
Currency indemnity
Compensation for losses due to currency conversion. E.g., The Borrower must cover FX losses if payment is made in the wrong currency.
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odszkodowanie walutowe
Receivable
Amount due to be received. E.g., The receivable is denominated in EUR.
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należność
Conversion rate
Exchange rate used to convert currencies. E.g., Based on the Lender’s internal rate.
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kurs przeliczeniowy
Court enforcement proceedings
Legal process to recover debt. E.g., Payment obtained through court enforcement.
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postępowanie egzekucyjne
Hedge Documents
Contracts for financial hedging (e.g., swaps). E.g., Currency indemnity does not apply to Hedge Documents.
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dokumenty zabezpieczające
Other indemnities
Compensation for specific costs not covered elsewhere. E.g., Costs due to Event of Default.
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inne odszkodowania
Event of Default
A breach of contract triggering lender rights. E.g., Non-payment or covenant breach.
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przypadek naruszenia
Utilisation Request
A formal request to draw funds. E.g., The Borrower submitted a Utilisation Request.
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zlecenie wykorzystania
Prepayment notice
Notice from the Borrower to repay early. E.g., Costs arise if the Borrower fails to prepay as notified.
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zawiadomienie o przedterminowej spłacie
Documented costs
Costs supported by evidence. E.g., Legal fees, funding costs, etc.
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udokumentowane koszty
Indemnity to the Agent
Compensation for losses or costs incurred by the Agent. E.g., The Borrower must indemnify the Agent for investigation costs.
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odszkodowanie na rzecz Agenta
Reasonably believes
Based on objective, rational judgment. E.g., The Agent reasonably believes a Default occurred.
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uzasadnienie uważa
Properly documented cost
Cost supported by evidence (e.g., invoices). E.g., Legal fees must be properly documented.
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należycie udokumentowany koszt
Instruction
A directive or order given to the Agent. E.g., The Agent relied on an instruction from the Borrower.
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instrukcja
Mitigation
Steps to reduce or avoid negative consequences. E.g., The Lender may transfer obligations to mitigate costs.
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działania ograniczające
Affiliate
A company related by ownership or control. E.g., Rights may be transferred to an Affiliate.
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jednostka powiązana
Limitation of liability
Restriction on obligations or liability. E.g., The Lender is not obliged to mitigate if it would be prejudicial.
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ograniczenie odpowiedzialności
Prejudicial
Likely to cause harm or disadvantage. E.g., The Lender may refuse mitigation if it is prejudicial.
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szkodliwy / niekorzystny
Reasonably incurred
Costs that are fair and justifiable. E.g., The Borrower must reimburse reasonably incurred expenses.
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poniesione w uzasadniony sposób
Transaction expenses
External costs related to preparing and executing the loan. E.g., Legal and notary fees.
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koszty transakcyjne
Perfection
Legal process of making a security interest enforceable. E.g., Registration of mortgage.
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ustanowienie (zabezpieczeń)
Legal Due Diligence Report
Legal review of the project or borrower. E.g., Required before first disbursement.
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raport z badania prawnego
Separately pre-agreed
Agreed in advance between parties. E.g., Costs must be pre-agreed to be reimbursed.
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uprzednio uzgodnione
Amendment
A modification to the terms of the agreement. E.g., The Borrower requested an amendment to the repayment schedule.
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zmiana (umowy)
Waiver
A formal relinquishment of a contractual right. E.g., A waiver of a financial covenant.
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zrzeczenie się prawa
Consent
Formal approval by the Lenders or Agent. E.g., Consent to release a security.
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zgoda
Duly documented
Supported by proper evidence (e.g., invoices). E.g., Only duly documented costs are reimbursed.
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należycie udokumentowany
Pre-agreed
Agreed in advance between parties. E.g., Costs must be pre-agreed to be reimbursed.
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uprzednio uzgodniony
Representation and Warranty
A formal statement of fact made by the Borrower. E.g., The Borrower represents it is duly incorporated.
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oświadczenie i zapewnienie
Duly incorporated
Legally formed under applicable law. E.g., A limited liability company under Polish law.
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należycie zarejestrowany
Centre of Main Interests (COMI)
The main place of business for insolvency purposes. E.g., COMI is in Poland.
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centrum interesów gospodarczych
Establishment
A place of operations in another jurisdiction. E.g., The Borrower has no establishment outside Poland.
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zakład
Regulation (EU) 2015/848
EU regulation on cross-border insolvency proceedings. E.g., Defines COMI and establishment.
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rozporządzenie UE 2015/848
Gross-up
Increasing a payment to offset tax deductions. E.g., The Borrower must gross-up payments to ensure the Lender receives the full amount.
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bruttowanie
Tax Deduction
Withholding tax required by law. E.g., If a tax deduction applies, the Borrower must gross-up.
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potrącenie podatkowe
Net amount
Amount received after deductions. E.g., The Lender must receive the net amount as if no tax was withheld.
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kwota netto
Pursuant to provisions of law
As required by applicable legislation. E.g., Tax deductions may be required pursuant to law.
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zgodnie z przepisami prawa
Indemnities
Obligations to compensate for losses or damages. E.g., The Borrower shall indemnify the Lender for any tax-related losses.
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odszkodowania
Qualifying Lender
A lender that meets tax treaty or domestic law conditions to receive payments without withholding. E.g., No gross-up applies if the Lender is not a Qualifying Lender.
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kwalifikowany kredytodawca
Treaty Lender
A lender entitled to tax benefits under a double tax treaty. E.g., A Treaty Lender must provide tax documents.
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kredytodawca traktatowy
Published practice or concession
Official tax authority guidance or relief. E.g., Changes in published practice may affect gross-up obligations.
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opublikowana praktyka lub ulga
Procedural formalities
Administrative steps to obtain tax exemption. E.g., Filing forms to avoid withholding tax.
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formalności proceduralne
Stamp duty
A tax on legal documents. E.g., The Borrower must reimburse stamp duties.
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opłata skarbowa
Registration fees
Fees for registering legal documents. E.g., Payable in connection with security documents.
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opłaty rejestracyjne
VAT (Value Added Tax)
Tax on goods and services. E.g., VAT may apply if tax law changes.
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podatek VAT
Exclusive of VAT
Not including VAT. E.g., All amounts are deemed exclusive of VAT.
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netto (bez VAT)
Reimbursement
Repayment of expenses. E.g., The Borrower shall reimburse the Lender for VAT on costs.
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zwrot kosztów
Not entitled to deduction
Cannot recover VAT. E.g., VAT is payable if the Lender is not entitled to deduction.
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bez prawa do odliczenia
Increased Costs
Additional costs due to legal or regulatory changes. E.g., The Borrower must reimburse Increased Costs.
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zwiększone koszty
Basel III / CRD IV
International banking regulations on capital and liquidity. E.g., New Basel III rules may increase costs.
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Bazylea III / CRD IV
Proportionally
Allocated based on share or exposure. E.g., Costs are calculated proportionally if affecting a class of loans.
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proporcjonalnie
Compliance
Adhering to laws or regulations. E.g., Costs incurred due to compliance with new rules.
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zgodność / przestrzeganie
Demand by the Agent
Formal request for payment. E.g., The Borrower must pay within 10 days of the Agent’s demand.
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żądanie Agenta

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